Having sensitive teeth can mean anything from a mild tingling sensation to severe discomfort that can last for several hours. It can also be an early warning sign of more serious dental problems.

Who suffers from sensitive teeth?

Many people suffer from sensitive teeth and it can start at any time. It is most common in people between the ages of 20 and 40, although it can affect people in their early teens and when they are over 70. Women are more likely to be affected than men.

What causes sensitive teeth?

The part of the tooth that we can see has a layer of enamel that protects the softer dentin underneath. If the dentin is exposed, a tooth can become sensitive. This usually happens where the tooth and gum meet and the enamel layer is much thinner. Here are some causes of sensitivity:

• Brushing too hard ("toothbrush friction") and brushing from side to side can cause enamel wear - especially where the teeth meet the gums. Newly exposed dentin can then become sensitive.

• Dental erosion: this is a loss of tooth enamel caused by acid attack from acidic foods and drinks. If the enamel is damaged, the dentin underneath is exposed, which can cause sensitivity. The gums may naturally recede (become smaller) and the tooth roots will be exposed and may be more sensitive. The root surfaces do not have enamel to protect them. The gums may naturally recede (shrink) and the tooth roots will be exposed and may be more sensitive. The root surfaces do not have enamel to protect them.

• Gum disease: the accumulation of plaque or tartar can cause the gums to recede under the tooth and even destroy the bone support of the tooth. Pockets can form in the gums around the tooth, making the area difficult to keep clean and the problem worse.

• Teeth grinding: this is a habit that involves clenching and grinding the teeth together. This can cause the tooth enamel to wear away, making the teeth sensitive.

• A cracked tooth or filling: a cracked tooth is one that has broken.

• Teeth whitening: some patients have sensitivity for a short time during or after whitening. Talk to your dental team about this before treatment.

When are the teeth most sensitive?

You are more likely to feel the sensitivity when you drink or eat something cold, from cold air and sometimes with hot foods or drinks. Some people have sensitivity when they eat sweet or acidic foods and drinks. The pain can come and go, with some pain being worse than others.

Is there anything I should avoid if I have sensitive teeth?

You may find that hot, cold, sweet or acidic drinks or foods such as ice cream can cause sensitivity, so you may want to avoid them. If you have sensitivity when brushing your teeth with cold water from the tap, you may need to use warm water. It's important to continue to brush your teeth regularly - if you don't, this could make the problem worse.

Do I have to go see my dentist?

Yes, if you tried to treat your sensitive teeth for a few weeks and had no improvement. During an examination, the dental team will talk to you about your symptoms. They will look at your teeth to find out what is causing the sensitivity and find the best way to treat it. 

How can I prevent sensitive teeth?

• Brush your teeth last at night and at least once during the day with fluoride toothpaste... Consider using toothpaste specially formulated for sensitive teeth. Use small, circular motions with a brush with soft to medium bristles. Try to avoid brushing your teeth from side to side
• Change your toothbrush every two to three months or sooner if it wears out.
• Don't brush immediately after eating - some foods and drinks can soften the enamel on your teeth, so leave it for at least an hour before brushing.
• Eat sugary foods and fizzy and acidic drinks less often. Try to have them only at mealtime.
• If you grind your teeth, talk to your dental team about making a mouth guard to wear at night.
• If you are considering whitening your teeth, discuss the sensitivity with your dental team before starting treatment.
• Visit your dental team regularly, as often as they recommend.